Century of Play
18th Century Precursors of Gamification
Mots-clés :
Ludification, Ludicisation, Lotterie, Spielsaeculum, 18e siècleRésumé
Cet article retrace l'historique d'un phénomène aujourd'hui appelé ludification, mais déjà vu, revu et exploité avant l'ère numérique. On lit souvent que le concept de ludification a été inventé par Pelling et rendu populaire dans les années 2010 par Deterding, Khaled, Dixon et Nake (2011), McGonigal (2011), Zichermann (2012) et al. Le discours universitaire sur la ludification a vraiment commencé en 2006 avec Joost Raessens. Il y a pourtant des précurseurs à l'idée que notre société est habitée et infiltrée par
le jeu. Dans cet article, l’auteur présente des exemples de cette ludification avant la lettre et se réfère aux idées développées depuis la 2è partie du XVIIIe siècle, entre autres par Gerhard Tersteegen, David Roentgen, CPE Bach, et Mozart.
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Ludobiographie / Ludobiography :
Der allezeit fertige Menuetten- und Polonaisencomponist. 1757. Developed by Johann Philipp Kirnberger. musical game.
Der Frommen Lotterie. 1769. Developed by Gerhard Tersteegen. card game.
Einfall, einen doppelten Contrapunct in der Octave von sechs Tacten zu machen ohne die Regeln davon zu wissen. 1758. Developed by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. musical game.
Gioco filarmonico, o sia maniera facile per comporre un infinito numero di minuetti e trio anche senza sapere il contrapunto : da eseguirsi per due violini e basso, o per due flauti e basso. 1790 (or 1793). Probably developed by Joseph Haydn. musical game. Luigi Marescalchi.
Hasard. fourteenth century (or earlier). dice game.
L’Hombre. fourteenth century. Spain. card game.
Musikalisches Würfelspiel. 1792. Developed by Nikolaus Simrock (or arguably Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart). musical game.
Pharo. eighteenth century. card game.
SuperBetter. 2012. Jane McGonigal. https://www.superbetter.com
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